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UX design guide

UX color and typography: how to make design decisions that work

Color and typography are the foundation of visual design. Learn the principles behind good color choices, type scales, contrast ratios, and how to apply them in your UX work.

Why color and typography matter in UX

Before users read a single word, they react to color and type. Color communicates brand, urgency, and hierarchy. Typography affects readability, credibility, and comprehension.

Both are invisible when done right — and glaring when done wrong.

Color fundamentals

Five terms every designer needs before picking a single color.

Hue

The base color (red, blue, green)

Saturation

How vivid or muted (100% = electric blue, 10% = near-gray)

Lightness / Brightness

How light or dark

Tint

Color + white

Shade

Color + black

Building a product color palette

Every product palette has three categories.

Primary

Your brand color. Used on CTAs, links, interactive elements.

Neutral (grayscale)

For text, backgrounds, borders. Most of your palette.

Semantic

Green = success, Red = error, Yellow = warning, Blue = info. Never use these for decoration.

The shade scale rule

Use 8–10 tints/shades per color (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900). Never add random colors — extend your existing palette.

Contrast and accessibility

Color choices that fail contrast requirements exclude real users.

WCAG AA

Requires 4.5:1 contrast ratio for normal text, 3:1 for large text (18pt+). Test every text/background color combination at Colour Contrast Analyser or webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker.

Never communicate meaning with color alone (e.g., "required fields in red") — add a label or icon too. Accessibility guide →

Typography fundamentals

Typeface category shapes the emotional register of your product.

Serif

Georgia, Playfair

Traditional, credible, editorial. Good for content.

Sans-serif

Inter, Roboto, Hanken Grotesk

Clean, modern, functional. Good for UI.

Monospace

JetBrains Mono

Code and technical content.

Type scale

Use a modular scale — not random sizes. Common ratios: 1.25 (minor third) or 1.5 (perfect fifth).

Example scale at 1.25 ratio with 16px base. Label each size by semantic role — not raw numbers.

LabelSizeSemantic role
xs10px
sm12pxlabel
base16pxbody
lg20pxh3
xl25pxh2
2xl31pxh1
3xl39pxdisplay

Readability rules

Type size is the starting point. These four rules determine whether your text is actually readable.

Line length

50–75 characters per line (45–85 max)

Use max-width on text blocks

Line height

1.4–1.7x for body text, 1.1–1.2x for headings

Letter spacing

Tight for headings, normal for body, slightly wider for all-caps labels

Minimum body text

16px on screen

Never 12px for prose

Next step

Build UX design skills

Color and typography are two tools. UX design combines dozens more. See what it takes to build a career as a UX/UI designer.

Explore UX/UI designer path